PERSONAL PERSPCETIVE( REFLECT ) OF MANAGING CHANGE Essay

PERSONAL PERSPCETIVE( REFLECT ) OF MANAGING CHANGE - Essay Example Introduction Change occurs from time to time and change is the nature of things. Nothing in this world is constant or unchangeable. Would we like our own house for instance, if for years we had the same furniture, the same upholstery, the same colors? We like to make things different and we also know that any change around the house makes us feel better. The mind wants change but when the mind is not prepared for the change, it resists change. However, if we are informed of the change in advance we become mentally prepared for it and then we are not disturbed. This implies that change causes resistance when change is not accompanied or preceded by effective communication. Change is also a part of the life cycle of any product. When we speak of different stages in the life cycle of an organization or a product or service, change is implied. Abrahamson (2004) believes that without pain no change is possible and justifies that either one must change or perish. Why, then is change in the corporate world a topic for discussions, for theory formation and framework building? Focusing on the personal perception of change management this paper analyzes the factors that influence change as has been seen during the semester projects. The change management process studied during the semester will be reviewed along with the skills necessary for change. Change can occur in an organization for varied reasons ranging from change in the stage of the life cycle, to change during mergers and acquisitions, during downsizing, restructuring and during expansion and growth (Stanleigh, 2008). Change, in fact, is essential for progress as the human mind always seeks something new, something different, something exciting. However, I never realized that change could require so much planning to be effective. Having spent hours on the topic and having read about how changes have been implemented within different organizations, I realize that change has to be effectively managed. When I com pare it with an individual’s life, I find change in our life has to be equally well managed. Change cannot be a hap hazard process. This paper will reflect on the change management process adopted by Apple and McDonald's and what planning went behind the change. Critical Review We were first analyzed the organizational change undertaken by Apple. The drivers of change at Apple were competition, finances and open unidentified markets. These were arrived at through SWOT analysis and Five Forces Model which helped to understand the initiative for change undertaken by Apple. However, it appears that Apple’s focus was on enhancing profits as the employees as well as the customers were confused with so many models available at the same time in the market. They did not have a customer-centric approach which is essential for any new product launch. They did not try to understand customer needs and communication was lacking at Apple. Communication and information must precede c hange. This sounds so simple to implement but what I have learnt through reading and find it extremely interesting, is that communication is not a simple term that encompasses the quality or the ability to talk. It does not merely mean to inform or speak; it also means to listen. Having the strength and courage to listen to subordinates in an organization enhances communications (Pfeffer & Sutton, 1999). Thus, listening is also a part of communication. The

Gorilla Behavior and Human Behavior Essay Example for Free

Gorilla Behavior and Human Behavior Essay Gorillas are often seen in the movies and television shows are big monster that people have to learn to deal with in the long run. Sometimes, gorillas are portrayed as scary creatures. There are times, however, when gorillas are shown as friendly animals which are a lot like human beings. Gorillas can be described and defined in many ways, especially with the help of mass media. Then again, in a scientific context, here is a gorilla really is: The Gorillas Population: There are a lot of living primates in the world, and the largest of its kind are gorillas. These are herbivores that live by dwelling on the ground. Most gorillas are found in Africa, especially in the forests of the said country (Alverdes, 1969). Gorillas survive very well in subtropical or tropical forests although a lot of them thrive in mountains and in different elevations. Elevated areas where gorillas can be found are the Virunga Volcanoes in Albertine Rift. Some gorillas thrive in the lowlands, too, where lots of them are found in marshes, swamps and thick forests (Alverdes, 1969). Gorillas Family Life: The family life of gorillas shows how much similar they are to humans. Gorillas are considered social creatures who typically build harems. Harems, in this context, means that silver back male gorillas will live with its offsprings and a lot of adult female gorillas (Alverdes, 1969). Then again, with the gorillas that live in mountains, only 40% of which have various closely-related male gorillas (Alverdes, 1969). Generally, gorillas groups contain more females than males. In fact, males in the gorillas family are considered â€Å"left-overs†. Male gorillas go round and about the forests alone. The male gorillas, being loners themselves, make up only five to ten percent of the general population of gorillas. An all-male group of gorillas even exists, all of which are found in elevated areas. This all-male gorillas group is called the mountain gorillas (Alverdes, 1969). Gorilla groups come in different sizes. On the average, there are only four to ten members in a gorilla group. It was in the Central African Republic where the largest gorilla group was found. The largest gorillas group was made up of 52 gorillas (Alverdes, 1969). Gorilla groups have leaders, too. What, then, happens when the leader of the gorilla group dies? It is either the whole group just gets dissolved, or a gorilla takes over. Like humans, gorillas have standards, too. The only gorilla who can take over the leadership is the son of the leader who passed away. If not, then it should be the subordinate silver back male gorilla (Alverdes, 1969). These western lowland gorillas are one of the sub-species of the family of gorillas. Each group is composed of ten gorillas and sometimes only six. The leader is the strongest and the fiercest male called the silver back gorilla (Alverdes, 1969). The leaders of such group are challenged, too, to know who deserves to take over. Adolescent males wait until they grow big enough for the challenge and if they dont get the leadership in their hands, they can always leave home and be the leader of the new family he will have to build (Alverdes, 1969). Recent studies show that the 100,000 lowland gorillas in the western part of Africa are no longer 100,000. Today, there may only be around 50,000 gorillas left because of the trade in ape meat (which is illegal) and also because of a disease caused by ebola virus (Alverdes, 1969). Gorillas – A Lot Like Humans? Now here are some behavioral patterns that make gorillas and human beings similar to each other: Gorillas are generally aggressive creatures. Their aggressive behaviors found in the human population are their habit of headlong charge, roaring very loudly and beating their own chest (Derbyshire, 2007). With this, it goes to show that gorillas have a macho reputation like humans. However, despite this reputation, these creatures are very gentle especially when it is their time to eat their meals. Researches show that they also have the habit of cleaning their faces and fingers especially when they just finished consuming their food in a messy manner. If humans use water and soap to clean their fingers and faces, gorillas use giant leaves to replace what humans would call as napkins (Derbyshire, 2007). Dr Noelle Kumpel, a researcher from the Zoological Society of London in West Africa, was surprised when he saw how gorillas used leaves as napkins. How do gorillas do this? They simply tear big leaves from trees and plants. Gorillas wipe their hands and mouths after a meal. No one can deny that is a very basic human activity because before and after eating, humans really clean themselves up. They wash their hands and clean their mouths and dry themselves with a dry towel (Derbyshire, 2007). It has been mentioned awhile ago that gorillas, like humans, are social beings, too. Whatever image of gorillas there is that is portrayed on the television and the cinema are not any inch close to how they are in person. Gorillas are very gentle and delicate creatures, sometimes even gentler and more delicate than human beings. Members of the Zoological Society of London in West Africa observed the behaviors of gorillas in Gabon, a conversation park where lowland gorillas are found. They learned and witnessed with their very own eyes how gentle gorillas are compared to chimpanzees. They show sings of sympathy, friendship and leadership among themselves (Derbyshire, 2007). Another amazing thing about gorillas is that, like humans, they care about their diet, too. Observers discovered that gorillas follow a vegetarian diet. They only eat whatever they see around them, but it is limited only to fruits and leaves (Derbyshire, 2007). Like human beings, gorillas care about how they look. If they see a mud, bug or a flee in another gorillas body, they take it away from that gorillas body. It clearly goes to show that gorillas take pride in their hair which they consider a very significant part of their family life as gorillas (Derbyshire, 2007). Another surprising behavior that gorillas have is that they are technologically minded. If their cousin chimpanzees use stones, twigs and other tools to get some food, gorillas do it differently (Derbyshire, 2007). Like humans, gorillas find better ways to make life easier and more convenient for them. Gorillas use sticks to get to the other side of the pools and swamps or in some other areas they will otherwise not reach without the help of the sticks (Derbyshire, 2007). In A Nutshell: To summarize the whole study, what, in general, makes the gorillas similar to human beings? It is how they behave in a given environment and how they react to situations. It is with the way gorillas try to survive. It is with their ability to think. Not all animals will think about removing flees from another animals hair because only gorillas and human beings know the value of cleanliness and hygiene. The same goes with how gorillas tear giant leaves from trees and plants to clean themselves up after a meal. What makes gorillas and human beings a lot like each other is their ability to think, plan and execute the plans to come up with a result. It is basically about wanting to win the battle of survival called life which other creatures wouldnt even be aware of. Works Cited: Alverdes, Friedrich. â€Å"The Social Life in the Animal World. † Routledge Press, 1999. Ciochon, Russell and John Fleagle. â€Å"Primate Evolution and Human Origins. † Aldine Transaction Press, 1987. Derbyshire, David. 20 June 2007. â€Å"How gorillas have perfect manners at meal times. † Daily Mail. 13 May 2008 http://www. dailymail. co. uk/pages/live/articles/news/news. html? in_article_id=463365in_page_id=1770. Fossey, Dian. â€Å"Gorillas in the Mist. † Houghton Mifflin Books, 1988. Taylor, Andrea Beth and Michele Lynn Goldsmith. â€Å"Gorillas Biology: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. † Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Fiction in Magazines :: Essays Papers

Fiction in Magazines In developing a discussion on magazine fiction, it is first necessary to develop strong reasoning as to why this is a relevant topic at all. If one is to discuss fiction in books, which many people have, why does the subject of magazine fiction even have to be brought up? Aren't the two of them one and the same? The answer to this is no. It is true that magazine fiction and book fiction have much in common, but they have many differences as well. For instance, the medium itself is cause for much difference. The process of creating a book is minimally a year long. So, a person who picks out a book of short stories from their local bookstore will be reading books that are at least a year old. Magazine fiction, however, is more recent, and thus much more exciting. It is very possible for a writer to have his story published only a couple of months after he has written it. Magazine fiction has a stronger feel for the pulse of literary society, which makes it relevant and interesting when speaking of fiction in general. There are hundreds and hundreds of literary magazines. Every Tom, Dick and Harry is seemingly starting a journal. However, in the entire scope of literary magazines, there are three basic types. The first type is the largely circulated, prestigious magazine. These include The New Yorker, Atlantic Monthly, and Playboy, among others. These magazines usually only publish one piece of fiction per issue. It is extremely difficult to get published in this first type of magazine because 1) they don't publish as many pieces of fiction a year, and 2) every writer is trying to get published in this sort of magazine. However, if you do get published in this sort of journal, the paybacks are larger. You normally get paid more for getting published than in the other two types, and the prestige of getting published will likely land you many more published stories and much more publicity. The second type of literary magazine is the medium journal, which is one scale smaller than the first. These include Story, Paris Review, and others. These magazines publish more pieces per issue, and tend to be easier to get published in. The prestige of getting published, however, is still very good, although not as great as the first type.

Thomas Hardys Philosophy Influences His Writing Essay -- Biography Bi

Thomas Hardy's Philosophy Influences His Writing In a letter written in 1920, Thomas Hardy comments, "it is my misfortune that people will treat my mood-dictated writing as a single scientific theory" (Hicks 111). Hardy did not write under the pretenses of a single belief system, but was "so often misunderstood that he had to try and give some clear and precise statement of his beliefs" (Hicks, 110). Although he did not fulfill the role of philosopher, often these statements were read as Hardy's "philosophy." According to Jacobson, the task of a philosopher is to "develop articulate, settled systems of thought about the nature of the world, about the moral constitution of mankind, and about the grounds and modalities of knowledge itself." He continues to explain that these ideas must be "coherent, not just within themselves . . . but also with those put forward in the other two[systems of thought]" (115). While Hardy explores the ideas of nature, morality, and knowledge in his writings, he focuses on the multi-faceted aspects of ea ch idea, not on any general conclusions about each idea. Although Hardy did not support an individual or personal "philosophy," echoes of the late nineteenth century philosophers, including Nietzche, Comte, and Schopenhauer, are found in his works. Nietzche comments on the nature of human drives, arguing that one could understand culture by studying the conflict between the Apollonian and Dionysian drives. The Apollonian drive, according to Nietzche, strives to find order in a confused, chaotic, and cruel world. The Dionysian drive, on the other hand, desires to break down that artificial order. An example of these opposing drives is found in Hardy's short story "The Fiddler of the Reels." Ned, ... ...eas represent a powerful combination of the philosophies introduced by contemporary thinkers. Bibliography Bailey, J. O. Thomas Hardy and the Cosmic Mind: A New Reading of The Dynasts. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1956. Baybrook, Patrick. Thomas Hardy and His Philosophy. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippencott, Co., 1927. Drabble, Margaret, ed. The Genius of Thomas Hardy. NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976. Hicks, Granville. Figures in Transition: A Study of British Literature at the end of the Nineteenth Century. New York: McMillan, Co., 1939. Jacobson, Dan. "Thomas Hardy: The Poet as Philosopher." American Scholar, vol. 65, no. 1, Winter 1996, pp. 114-19. Millgate, Michael. Thomas Hardy: A Biography. New York: Random House, 1982. Orel, Harold, ed. Thomas Hardy: Personal Writings. Lawrence: The University of Kansas Press, 1966.

MT V.s Human translation Essay

Introduction Today, computers are used in all fields, and even almost every field has it’s own software packages. Using computers to translate a text from one language to another refered to machine translation [MT]. Machine translation is an interesting technology for human translators. It is a fact that MT software can translate texts very quickly. The question is that: Are these machine translations perfect? Are these translation tools like Google valid? MT are somehow acceptable in technical and informative texts but how about literaral or expressive texts? According to Chapman† Literature is the art that uses language†(qtd.in Voigt and Jurafsky 1). So, literary translation represents the strongest formulation of machine translation problems. As MT quality continiues to improve, the idea of using MT to assist human translators becomes increasingly attractive, and human translators can correct mistakes in these machine translations. Translation is not only a linguistic act, but also a cultural one. It involves more than just a word-by-word representation of a text; translators also have to take double meanings, cultural subtleties and slang into accountContext of culture affects the specific meaning of the language. So the analysis of cultural context is essential for Machine Translation (MT). If the cultural context analysis of the source language is omitted in MT, ambiguity or mistranslation will be produced. At least nowadays when we compare MT with human translation, we claim that human say the last word. A Brief History Of Machine Translation The history of machine translation is as old as that of computers. It has been started in the 1950s. Georgetown –IBM experiment consisted of the automatic translation of Russian sentences in to English in a very speciallized field(Organic chemistry), and it was widely recognized as a successful demonstration. Documents in Russian gathered by the U. S. military and intelligence agencies during the 50’s and 60’s. Throughout this period university and government research funding drove the development of MT. However, the real progress was much slower, and in 1966 they found out that the ten years long research had failed to fulfill the expectations, so the funding was dramatically reduced until the late 70’s, at which time advances in theoretically linguistics and the growth of computing and language technology converged, resulting in the first practical MT tools for main frame systems. In the late 1980’s, as computational power increased and became less expensive, more interest began to be shown in statistical models for machine translation. Today there is still no system that provides the holy-grail of â€Å"fully automatic high quality translation† (FAHQT). However, there are many programs now available that are capable of providing useful output with in strict constraints; several of them are available onlin such as Google Translate and SYSTRAN system which powers Alta’s BabelFish. (Wikipedia 1) The importance of Human Translation Translation is not only a linguistic act, but also a cultural one and a prime channel of communication across cultures irrespective of geographic discrepancies. Cultural implications may be higher in cross-cultural translation and may range from lexical level to pragmatic level. More the gap between the source and target culture, the more serious difficulties would take shape. Translation between English and Hindi; which belongs to two different cultures and backgrounds is one of the best examples of such problems. In such situation, cross-cultural communication should be appropriately done using proper translation techniques to avoid ambiguity and miscommunication. Context of culture affects the specific meaning of the language. So the analysis of cultural context is essential for Machine Translation (MT). If the cultural context analysis of the source language is omitted in MT, ambiguity or mistranslation will be produced. Any attempt to replace Human Translation totally by machine translation would certainly face failure for, due to a simple reason, there is no machine translation that is capable of interpretation. For instance, it is only the human translator who is able of interpreting certain cultural components that may exist in the source text and that cannot be translated in terms of equivalent terms, just like what automatic translation does, into the language of the target text. In addition, it is widely agreed upon that one of the most difficult tasks in the act of translation is how to keep the same effect left by the source text in the target text. The automatic translation, in this regard, has proved its weakness, most of the time, when compared with a human translation. The human translator is the only subject in a position to understand the different cultural, linguistic and semantic factors contributing to leaving the same effect, that is left in the source text, in the target text. It is an undeniable fact that automatic translation is regarded as a tool for producing quick and great number of translated texts; nevertheless, the quality of the translation is still much debatable MT evaluation One way for people inorder to assess machine translation’s quality is kind of Back translation. I mean to translate from a source language to a target language and to the source language with the same engine. Although this way sounds good, it is a poor method. When we consider two variables â€Å"inteligibility† and â€Å"fiedelity† in our judgment, in most cases it is easy to separate translation by human from translation by machine. â€Å"Inteligibility is a measure of how understandable the sentence is and fidelity is a measure of how much information the translated sentence retained compared to the original†(Wikipedia 1). Although machine translation currently produces relatively unacceptable output compared to human translation, I do believe it will be much better in the future. Is machine translation output necessarily of lower quality than human translation? Some scholars believe that † Translators who work in technical domain will be increasingly require to interact with MT â€Å"(Pym 1). The need for technical translation has increased dramatically and in the future MT systems will continue to reduce the cost of translation. Advantages & Disadvantages of MT In the past when we had to find the meaning of a word from another language we used a dictionary . This was very time consuming. Moreover, when a paragraph or note had to translated, this could be very difficult because one word has several meanings. When time is crucial factor, with MT you don’t have to spend hours looking up dictionaries to translate the words. Instead, the software can translate it quickly . It is not costly but one of it’s disadvantages is that translation is not accurate and it can’t solve ambigiuity. It can’t produce translations for literary texts with good quality because translating literature requires special literary skills, but it doesn’t mean that machine translation is useless. The quality of translation which can get from an MT system is very low but we know human translator normally doesn’t produce a perfect translation. MT threats the job of translators. MT is an important topic sociolly, politically, commercially, scientifically, intellectually & philosophically. MT and Translating culture-Bound elements One of the most challenging tasks for all translators is how to translate culture-bound elements into a foreign language. According to Newmak: â€Å"Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language†(qtd in Armellino 1). When words in the source text are strongly rooted in the source culture that they are specific to the culture that produced them, therefore, they have no equivalent in the target culture because they are unknown, or because they are not yet codified in the target language. When cultural differences exist between the two languages, it is extremely difficult to achieve a successful translation. How can MT cope with problems of not only lexical expressions, but also with problems of register, syntactic order, dialects? MT has to decide on the importance of certain cultural aspects and to what extent it is necessary to translate them into the target language. Nida confers equal importance to both linguistic and cultural differences between the SL and the TL and concludes that â€Å"Differences between cultures may cause more severe complications for the translators than do differencs in language structure(qtd. in Glodjovic 2). Idioms are difficult to translate. It is sometimes hard to find the right equivalent for a single word without finding an equivalence for a sequence of words that convey one specific meaning. We know idiomds are culturally specific, which means that they may express a scene that doesn’t occure in the TL. Baker says: Idioms and fixed expressions which contain cultural specific items are not necessarily untranslatable. It is not the specific items an expressin contains but rather the meaning it conveys and it’s association with culture specific context which can make it understanable or difficult to translate. (qtd. in Muller 13) So translating the idioms mostly depends on the context in which it has occurred. Is it possible for Machine translator like Google translation to deal with such problems? What would be the best translation strategies for dealing with Idioms and culturally bound expressons? Human-Assisted Machine Translation Machine translation has faced many problems which can be solved by computer-assisted machine translation at the pre-editing and post-editing stages. As a result the final translation will be more acceptable if MT translation is edited by human inorder to generate more appropiate translation for some words in a sentence and as a result our translation could be semantically and pragmatically more proper and we discard odd and unnatural structures. In human-assisted translation the computer produce the first draft then the proffessional revises it. The question is that : Is machine and post-editing of MT output faster than human translation? To answer this question measuring time will be the main purpose, furthermore who should be doing post-editing? Should it be performed by translators, revisors, non-linguists, or trained specialists? According to Loffer-Laurian†Post-editing of machine-translated text is a task different from traditional HT and revision. Loffer-Laurian maintains that post-editing is not revision, nor correction rewriting. It is a new way of considering a text, a new way of working on it for a new aim†(qtd. in Martinez 23). Poetry and Machine Translation According to Oxford English Dictionary Poetry is â€Å"The art or work of poet†(qtd. in Hovhamisyan 1). Translating of poetry is one of the most difficult and challenging tasks for every translator. According to Robert Frost’s definition â€Å"poetry is what gets lost in translation†(qtd. in Hovhamisyan 1). To sum up the theoretical approaches, it is clear that poetry is the most difficult type of the text and can be considered to be untranslatable. Grammatical differences between the languages causes a lot of problems in translating poetry. Should we , then refrain from translating poetry. Where proffessional translators assumes that the translation of poetry is extremly difficult, is it possible for a machine softwares to translate poems among differen languages? In the following paragraph first sunnet of Hafez it’s English translation by and it’s Google translation are avalible. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? O beautiful wine-bearer, bring forth the cup and put it to my lips Path of love seemed easy at first, what came was many hardships. With its perfume, the morning breeze unlocks those beautiful locks the curl of those dark ringlets, many hearts to shreds strips. In the house of my beloved, how can I enjoy the feast since the church bells call the call that for pilgrimage equips. With wine color your robe, one of the old Magi’s best tips Trust in this traveler’s tips, who knows of many paths and trips The dark midnight, fearful waves, and the tempestuous whirlpool How can he know of our state, while ports house his unladed ships. I followed my own path of love, and now I am in bad repute How can a secret remain veiled, if from every tongue it drips? If His presence you seek, Hafiz, then why yourself eclipse? Stick to the One you know, let go of imaginary trips. Google Translation High boots or stands Casa Ella field and Novell I would be easy to love but difficult The smell of oak tress Saba Nafhay Kakhr open What was the blood from the heart twist lock Mshkynsh Janan how secure mirth at my house because the door JRS will scream that should tell concerning vehicle The mat is a colorful old Garrett says Taha The traveler did not know the way home. Fear of the dark night of the wave and vortex Heil We know where the loose banks All I took from his failure to end stigma Who would he have hidden the secret circle center Guardian of the person, do not be absent from his Hmykhvahy We produce p my Dunya Matthew invitation and Ahmlha In above two translations that one of them is done by human, but the other is produced by Google it is cristal clear that for translating poem MT is not acceptable. It is full of grammatical and lexical mistaks Works Cited Armellino, Elisa. â€Å"Translating Culture-Bound Elements in Subtitling. † Translation directory. N. D. Web. 16 June 2013. â€Å"Evaluation of Machine Translation. † Wikipedia. 15May 2103. Web. 2July 2013. â€Å"Evaluation of Machine Translation. † Wikipedia. 15May 2103. Web. 2July 2013. Fiederer,Rebecca and Sharon O Brien. â€Å"Quality and Machine Translation. † Jostran. Org/issue. 11January 2009. Web. 19June 2013. Glodjovic, Anica. â€Å"Translation as Means of Cross-Cultural Communication. † facta. junis. ni. ac. rs. June 2010. Web. 7July 2013. â€Å"History of Machine Translation. † Wikipedia. Web. 2July 2013. Hovhannisyan, Mariam. â€Å"The Art of Poetry and its translation. † Translation Directory. May 2012. Web. 27 June 2013. Martinez, Lorena. G. â€Å"Human Translation V. S Machine Translation. â€Å",Sceuromix. August 2003. Web. 3July 2013. Muller, Theo. â€Å"Translation of Idioms. † 17 September 2009. Web. 5July 2013. â€Å"Human Translation V. S Machine Translation. † Netmask. it/Products. 2003. Web. 5 July 2013. Pym, Anthony. † Translation Skill-sets in a Machine-Translation. † usuaris. tinet. cat/apym/on-line/training/2012_competence_Pym. May 2012. Web. 1 July 2013. Voigt, Rob and Dan Jurafsky. â€Å"Toward literary Machine translation. † Stanford. edu/jurafsky, N. D. Web. 1July 2013.

Differences Between and Among Spanish and Indian Accounts essays

Differences Between and Among Spanish and Indian Accounts essays Daniel Defoes famous quote on death and taxes presents the assurance that there are only two inevitabilities in life. He did not take into account however, the complexities of the human mind. These complexities allow for individualism and distinct perspectives on innumerable subjects. This is as true now as it was 2000 years ago. Repeated events in history have presented numerous viewpoints on the same event regardless of the origin of the source. Such an example can be seen in the several accounts on the conquest of Mexico, given by both natives and Spaniards. Not only are there obvious differences between the Spanish and native accounts, but more surprisingly, there are also distinct differences within each of these two groups of accounts. One would expect that unquestionably there would be differences between the accounts of the native peoples and the accounts of the Spanish during the years of the conquest of Mexico. To put it simply, the views of the conqueror and the conquered would not have been similar. When reading the account of Bernal Diaz, one should notice the many references to God during the battles. May good fortune attend our advance, for in God lies the true strength (Diaz, 105). Statements such as these are common throughout Diazs account. Diaz and the Spaniards attempt to justify the brutal killing of the Tlaxcalans by spewing self-righteous slogans at one another. They presume that their destruction is the will of God and therefore should be executed. This self-righteous and condescending attitude is not presented in the native accounts which could be attributed to the fact that they were conquered and have no opportunity to present this attitude in their accounts. Such differences would be expecte d however, as opposing factions would have differing feelings and opinions on the same event as it affects them separately. Another difference between the Spanish and native accounts is the trea...

Importance of Initial Consultation and Ethical Issues Facing the Therapist The WritePass Journal

Importance of Initial Consultation and Ethical Issues Facing the Therapist Introduction Importance of Initial Consultation and Ethical Issues Facing the Therapist ). There are some who do not charge for initial consultations, and it is important that the client is informed whether the therapist does or does not charge for the first session (Wheeler, 2014).   A potential problem may ensue with the use of a free initial consultation. This is because clients may feel committed after the initial consultation and may have difficulty declining further treatment because the initial consultation was free of charge. Some might even regard this practice as taking advantage of clients and may perhaps be seen as undue influence mentioned in the code of ethics (Welfel, 2013). Another ethical issue that may ensue during initial consultation is sexual attraction between the client and the therapist, which is identified as a boundary ethical issue (Houser et al., 2006). The client may have emotional or sex-related problems that he/she initially presents to the therapist, which the therapist must approach objectively. Albeit discussion of these feelings can foster therapeutic progress, it is still unethical and counter-therapeutic to act on them. Even when it may seem sound to become sexual with a client with sexual problems as an intervention, engaging in such unethical activity is definitely against established ethical standards and codes. Rather, the best intervention that the therapist may adopt for his/her client with sexual problems is sex therapy with the client and a significant other.     The several malpractice suits filed against therapists relating to sexual relationships with their client only confirm the unethical and counter-therapeutic sta nce of sexual relationship between the therapist and client (Kohlenberg and Tsai, 2007).   Even at the onset of the initial consultation, sexual attraction may already spark, which the therapist, being the more responsible person, must put a wall against. Emotional tyranny is also a common ethical issue that may occur even during an initial consultation. It is a term describing abuse of power by psychotherapists to the disadvantage of their clients, caused by the power imbalance between them. For example, during the initial consultation, the therapist’s power is seen in how he establishes the therapy session, how long   the session should last, how often he and the client should meet, how much the session costs, and what the permissible and impermissible behaviour must be within the session (Kohlenberg and Tsai, 2007). The realm of ethical decision-making involves the aspects of ethical dilemma, the client and the therapist’s values, race, gender, personal history, etc.; local and national laws; professional knowledge; and codes of ethics (Houser et al., 2006). The therapist may also face violations relating to dual relationships. Such relationships are nonsexual that may involve counseling a friend, relative, or neighbour, as well as receiving referrals from people who know the client and the counseling process. An ethical dilemma of dual relationships may potentially occur when the therapist has several roles with a client; in that apart from being a client, the person is also a friend, a neighbor, a relative, etc. to the therapist. It has been suggested that accepting referrals from existing clients may constitute a boundary violation (Houser et al., 2006). Indeed, even at the initial consultation, the therapist is already face-to-face with the issue of whether to continue with the professional relationship, or terminate it right away upon seeing his or her friend across the table as a client seeking therapy. Self-disclosure is another ethical issue besetting the therapist. Even during the initial consultation, the issue of self-disclosure may occur. Relating to this issue, it is important to determine the extent of information a therapist should share with the client and the types of self-disclosure to be made as well. Another example of ethical issue involving boundary is socialising with a client outside the counseling session and negotiating for fees (Houser et al., 2006). One possible ethical dilemma facing the therapist during is confidentiality, which deals with maintaining privacy and nons of these are those surrounding harm that may involve the client who is contemplating about suicide or is expressing thoughts about inflicting harm to others;   court-involved clients; child abuse reports; and clients with medical conditions who express engaging in precarious acts relating to their condition (e.g. HIV) (Houser et al., 2006). Further, it was found that successful outcomes ensue when clients change their personal values and take a close resemblance of that of the therapist/counselor. A relevant ethical dilemma with regard to this is in order for the counseling to be successful, how similar the client’s values must be to the counselor. Moreover, another dilemma is whether fostering such similarity is ethical and helpful enough to the client. A question for the profession is whether therapists utilise moral and ethical frameworks reflecting society’s norms as the only basis of their ethical decision-making, or whether therapists come to an ethical decision whilst taking into account the values, morality, and ethical stances of their diverse client population (O’Donohue and Fisher, 2009; Houser et al., 2006). These issues are being dealt with even upon an initial consultation. Conclusion This paper dealt with the importance of initial consultation and the ethical issues facing the therapist in the performance of his profession. An initial consultation is important because it forms the basis of the client’s diagnosis. It generally covers finding out the reasons as to why the client seeks help and what he or she aims to obtain as a result of the psychotherapy experience. The ethical issues faced by the therapist in the conduct of his profession during the initial consultation are those involving a decision to charge the client for a specific fee or not for the initial consultation; potential sexual attraction between them; the issue of confidentiality and client consent; emotional tyranny; violations relating to dual relationships; and self-disclosure. Having laid down these ethical factors besetting a therapist, the conclusion being arrived at is that the therapist is bound by set standards and ethical codes through which the expected functions of his performance must be based, and that he/she should conduct the initial consultation and further sessions objectively. References Boylan, J. C., Malley, P. B/, and Reilly, E. P. (2011) Practicum Internship: Textbook and Resource Guide for Counseling and Psychotherapy. Third Edition. NY: Brunner-Routledge. Corey, G. (2013) Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. Ninth Edition. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Houser, R., Wilczenski, F. L., and Ham, M. (2006) Culturally Relevant Ethical Decision-Making in Counseling. London: Sage Publications, Inc. Jenkins, P. (2007) Counseling, Psychotherapy and the Law. London: Sage Publications, Inc. Klonoff, P. S. (2010) Psychotherapy After Brain Injury: Principles and Techniques. NY: The Guilford Press. Kohlenberg, R. J. and Tsai, M. (2007) Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: Creating Intense and Curative Therapeutic Relationships. NY: Springer. O’Donohue, W. T. and Fisher, J. E. (2009) General Principles and Empirically Supported Techniques of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. NJ: John Wiley Sons. Plante, T. G. (2011) Contemporary Clinical Psychology. NJ: John Wiley Sons. Weiner, I. B. and Hess, A. K. (2006) The Handbook of Forensic Psychology. NJ: John Wiley Sons. Welfel, E. (2013) Ethics in Counseling and Psychotherapy. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Wheeler, K. (2014) Psychotherapy for the Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurse: A How-to Guide for Evidence-Based Practice.   NY: Springer Publishing Company, LLC.       Bibliography Boylan, J. C., Malley, P. B/, and Reilly, E. P. (2011) Practicum Internship: Textbook and Resource Guide for Counseling and Psychotherapy. Third Edition. NY: Brunner-Routledge. Clarkson, P. (2005) Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy: An Integrated Approach. NY: Routledge. Cooper, J. and Alfille, H. (2011) A Guide to Assessment for Psychoanalytic Psychotherapists. London: Karnac Books Ltd. Corey, G. (2013) Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. Ninth Edition. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Forrest, G. G. (2010) Self-disclosure in Psychotherapy and Recovery. Plymouth: Jason Aronson. Houser, R., Wilczenski, F. L., and Ham, M. (2006) Culturally Relevant Ethical Decision-Making in Counseling. London: Sage Publications, Inc. Jenkins, P. (2007) Counseling, Psychotherapy and the Law. London: Sage Publications, Inc. Klonoff, P. S. (2010) Psychotherapy After Brain Injury: Principles and Techniques. NY: The Guilford Press. Kohlenberg, R. J. and Tsai, M. (2007) Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: Creating Intense and Curative Therapeutic Relationships. NY: Springer. O’Donohue, W. T. and Fisher, J. E. (2009) General Principles and Empirically Supported Techniques of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. NJ: John Wiley Sons. Plante, T. G. (2011) Contemporary Clinical Psychology. NJ: John Wiley Sons. Weiner, I. B. and Hess, A. K. (2006) The Handbook of Forensic Psychology. NJ: John Wiley Sons. Welfel, E. (2013) Ethics in Counseling and Psychotherapy. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Wheeler, K. (2014) Psychotherapy for the Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurse: A How-to Guide for Evidence-Based Practice.   NY: Springer Publishing Company, LLC.

Emilie Du Chatlet Essays - Fellows Of The Royal Society, Free Essays

Emilie Du Chatlet Essays - Fellows Of The Royal Society, Free Essays Emilie Du Chatlet EMILIE DU CHATLET Born in Paris on December 17, 1706, Emilie du Chatlet grew up in a household where the art of courting was the only way one could recieve a place in society. During her early childhood, Emilie began to show great improvement in the area of academics that soon she was able to convince her father that she needed attention. She studied Latin, Italian and English. She also studied Tasso, Virgil, Milton and other great scholars. In spite of her talents in the area of languages, her true love was mathematics. Emilie's cleverness was outstanding in other areas as well. At the age of nineteen she married a man named Marquis du Chatelet. Emilie had conquered the heart of Voltaire, one of most intriguing and brilliant scholars of this time. As Voltaire notes We long employed all our attention and powers upon Leibniz and Newton; Mme du Chatelet attached herself first to Leibniz, and explained one part of his system in a book exceedingly well written, entitled Institutions de physique. However she soon abandoned the work of Leibniz and applied herself to the discoveries of the great Newton. She was extremely successful in translating his whole book on the principals of mathematics into French. The years Emilie spent with Voltaire at Cirey were some of the most productive years of her life. When there were no guests both of them remained tied to their desks. In the spring of 1748, Emilie met and fell in love with the Marquis de Saint-Lambert, a courtier and very minor poet. This affair, however, did not destroy her friendship with Voltaire. Even when he found out that she was carrying Saint-Lambert's child, Voltaire was there to support her. With the help of Voltaire and Saint-Lambert, she was able to convince her husband that it was his child she was carrying. In early September of 1749, she gave birth to a baby girl. As Voltaire describes it: The little girl arrives while her mother was at her writing desk, scribbling some Newtonian theories, and the newly born baby was placed temporarily on a quarto volume of geometry, while her mother gathered together her papers and was put to bed. On September 10, 1749 she died suddenly at the age of 43. As many authors note, during the course of her short life, Emilie was a truly unique woman and scholar. Among her greatest achievements were her Institutions du physique and the translation of Newton's Principia, which was published after her death along with a Preface historique by Voltaire. Emilie du Chatelet was one of many women whose contributions have helped shape the course of mathematics. Bibliography TITLE: Mme. Du Chatlet PUBLISHER: Berg Publishers, Incorporated PUB. DATE: March 1987 TITLE: ADA Byron Lovelace PUBLISHER: Silver Burdett Press PUB. DATE: July 1994 TITLE: Emmy Noether PUBLISHER: Birkhauser Boston PUB. DATE: October 1980 TITLE: The Great Mathematicians PUBLISHER: Barnes and Noble Books PUB. DATE: May 1993

Understanding Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Understanding Religion - Essay Example Religion largely concerns an individual’s faith; whether he or she is a believer or not. Faith is the key pillar of all religions, and it is evident in all religions of the world. Without faith, in the existence of a supreme being or a higher mode of living, there would be no religions to talk about (Van, 2007). Religions all over the world strive to encourage a state of better coexistence between individuals and their environment. The earliest known religions have similarities with today’s religion because they still preach the same principles of living a pure life without sin. However, there exists a difference in how sin is defined, in the different religions of the world. Different religions have different teachings and ideas that are deemed necessary to be able to attain the set goal of religion, which varies depending on the type of an individual’s religious background (Van, 2007). Religion is seen as the greatest unifier for all mankind, and it forges a ve ry strong bond between believers. Traditions of a given community have contributed to the type of religion that develops around them, and the influence it has on their daily lives (Van, 2007). For instance, Asian countries have different religious practices from those of the Western world as evidenced by predominant Buddhism, in Asia, and Christianity, in Western countries. Their religions were entrenched early at the beginning of their cultures and traditions. This made it easier for their type of religious beliefs to be accepted earlier, in the life of each individual as the normal way of life and existence (Van, 2007). Religious scriptures have played a key role in shaping and spreading different religions around the globe. Scriptures are written documents like the Bible or the Quran that the believers of these religions believe contain sacred messages.

Empirical Research for female and management positions Paper

Empirical for female and management positions - Research Paper Example The research found that the aspects of stereotyping, lack of self confidence and family conflicts have to be addressed in a positive light given that they dissuade females from taking up leadership and managerial positions in different organisations. It has been recommended that there is need to build confidence in women. Stereotyping against women should be redressed and women should be given more responsibility in their tasks. Table of contents Introduction 3 Literature review 3 Research question 5 Theoretical framework 5 Hypothesis 6 Method section 7 Study design 7 Population sample 7 Variables and measures 7 Data collection method 8 Limitations of the study 9 Data analysis and results 9 Discussion of results 11 Recommendations and conclusion 13 References 14 Introduction The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has recently embarked on an exercise to promote women in this country to occupy leadership positions in different organisations after realising that they can play distinctive roles in the economy as a whole. The authorities have seen the need to advance women into managerial positions while retaining vital aspects of cultural values along with heritage as they adapt to new positions in the dispensation of their roles in the workplace. The women in the region constitute only 15% of the workforce in the public sector, and this is mainly in the government and the educational sector. About 5% only of women working for the government hold decision making positions (Al-Munajjed, 2012). Basically, Saudi laws are based on the Shari’a which however guarantees women the right to work in different organisations. However, this law posits to the effect that females should work in an appropriate environment where for example they are not allowed to mix with men in a suspicious manner and they should not be exposed to sexual harassment by their male counterparts. It can be observed that there are few studies related to the question of why there are few women occupying se nior leadership and management positions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However, studies have shown that women in countries like the US show that women hold senior leadership and managerial positions and they are equally competent like their male counterparts. Against this background, it can be noted that it is important to carry out a study in order to establish the factors that discourage women from occupying leadership and managerial positions in organisations as well as to establish the distinctive role played by women to the economy. The study will also help in recommending measures that can be taken in order to promote women in the workplace in a bid to increase their recognition for leadership positions. Literature review The literature related to this research topic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is limited and it can be seen that there is also limited information about this study in other countries. The major notable study related to this topic was carried out in the US bu t unfortunately, there is little comparison with other women managers from different parts of the globe (Moore, 2007). Therefore, there is  need for carrying out research in a bid to establish the distinctive roles that women can play in the economy. This has to be done so as to be in a position to conceptualise and validate the unique roles that can be played by women

International Investments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Investments - Essay Example ne thing that makes Indian stock market as a good long term investment according to the article â€Å"Advantages for NRIS investing in the Indian Market† 2011, is that most of its stocks are correctly valued, returns of investment are excellent and its stock market is well regulated. In my observation, based on financial reports, India has a booming economy and is one of the emerging economies next to China. As such, confidence of investors is rising such that there are continuing interests from foreign multinationals on Indian companies. As compared to United States that is experiencing a slow economic growth; investors are losing interest of holding US dollars and therefore lessen interest in US investment. These investors now look for new investments in emerging countries like China, India and Brazil. India has advantage on this as the government continuously works on its deregulation and free market principles to attract investments. Because of the investors’ intere sts, the economy of India is expected to improve further and reach a high GDP figure of 10%, and economic growth will continue on years to come. Economic activities along this line are take-over, acquisitions and mergers and are spreading on iron and steel, spirits, manufacturing, auto parts, not just IT, and equity. Investment in the Indian debt securities, I believe, is a good investment because according to BSE (2011), the Indian debt market is one of the largest in Asia. Securities are issued by the government (central and state), public sector, other government bodies, financial institutions, banks and corporations. As such, the fixed income securities become one of the most attractive investment opportunities since it provides safety of investments, adequate liquidity, and flexibility in structuring a portfolio, easier monitoring, long term reliability and assured returns (India Debt Market, 2010). Fixed income securities may either be interest-bearing bonds, varied type of debt

Creative Writing - Appetites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Creative Writing - Appetites - Essay Example This list of rules was in a black, handcrafted frame that really accentuated the font, causing the rules to pop off the page when anyone looked at it. Kate and Sebastian thought it would be appropriate to hang this list of rules in the dining room, since that was what the rules were in reference to and it was also the most sacred room in the house. When looking around Sebastian and Kate’s house, one might not see this document as having great importance, but that is far from the truth. These rules were the cornerstone of their relationship. If one were to break such a rule, for someone else it might be equivalent to cheating on your spouse by having sex with someone other than your spouse. Every week they have a theme, a country, that dictates all of the food they eat for that week. The themes start on Sunday and end that following Saturday night. Saturday night is always the biggest meal of the week. They always save the most exotic dish from that specific country for that Sa turday meal. The Saturday meal always took huge preparations. They would switch off every other week putting on the Saturday meal. The person responsible for putting on the Saturday meal would be responsible for selecting the table covers, silverware, and preparing the food. Separately they would both pick out their outfits, which were supposed to mimic formal attire that would be worn in that country. This week’s theme was going to be South Korea. Sebastian was responsible for putting on the big meal that Saturday. This was a going to be a huge week for both of them, and they both were extremely anxious. It took weeks to fully prepare the menu for this week. Once they did that, they had to order all of the food and make sure they stored it properly. It was crucial that whoever was responsible for preparing the food knew how to properly prepare it or else the consequences could be fatal. Since a lot of the meals that they would eat on Saturday evenings had the potential of be ing dangerous, allowing one spouse to prepare the food demonstrated the ultimate trust within this relationship. Sebastian really wanted to make this meal a special one, since it was a country that they had both been anticipating for months. He thought that Sannakji, wriggling octopus, would be a good choice given its unique texture and its lethality. Sannakji is a mild-tasting, lightly seasoned delicacy that is known for choking individuals. It is prepared in a manner that the octopus’s legs are removed while the octopus is still alive. This causes the legs to wriggle around on the plate like a pile of worms. The tentacles’ suction cups can stick to your inside your throat or to your cheeks. The lights were dimmed, giving a very romantic ambience to the meal. There was a small two-person table in the middle of their dining room. There was a candle in the middle of the table that gave off a lavender aroma throughout the room. The candle was in a very nice, sterling sil ver candleholder. The tablecloth had a very strange texture; it was leather with animal fur on top of it. The very coarse hair was cream with a yellow tint to it. The chairs, which were made of mahogany wood, had seat covers on top of it that matched the same material of the tablecloth. There were two table settings; the napkins and placemats both matched the tablecloth and chair seats. There were two beautiful, ornate yellow plates with

The september 11 attacks on the twin tower, the death of Osama Bin Essay

The september 11 attacks on the twin tower, the death of Osama Bin Laden, and their significance to local community - Essay Example This paper helps to examine the impact that the September 11 attacks had on America and the world, as well as the significance of Osama Bin Laden’s recent death on the local community. Following the attacks on the twin towers, the entire American community began to hate people that had a different skin colour and were averse to the idea of letting other religions, especially Islam, persist within their country. However, they needed to remember that not everyone that practised Islam was a part of the terrorist attacks. A number of people that had been killed had been Islamic too. Americans shed hatred towards other cultures for a long time following the attacks and burned down a temple as well. One sikh man, mistaken to be a Muslim, was even shot and killed by American haters. All this led to a very gory separation among the people as trust was betrayed and people began to flee to their homes in order to stay safe. All over the world, borders closed temporarily as people did no t want to accept anyone belonging to different cultures into their countries for some time. Most people were even afraid to sit on flights because they feared that they would be hijacked. However, at the time it was important to understand that the attacks had already taken place and not much could be done about it. There were memorials and vigils held in memory of those that had died in the tower crashes. Since March 2002, the ‘Tribute in Light’ had been set up on Ground Zero, which were beacons of light arranged in the same squares as the twin towers, that shone in the night in order to complete the skyline. ("About 9-11: Pop Culture and Remembrance.") A number of books and publications were released following the attacks, by writers in Germany, France as well as America, condemning the fact that the 9/11 attacks were not only Al-Qaeda related. These writers stated that there were a number of conspiracy theories which involved involvement from the Israeli as well as t he American government itself. A number of people began to question the politics that George Bush was heading at the time. Several movies depicting the crash were also released and cried, raged, sang and remembered alike. A number of fund raisers were held by musicians and pop stars in order to give back money to the families of those affected. However, what was surprising was that the US went to war dropping bombs on Afghanistan just a month after all the commotion had taken place. (Lehrer, Jimmy) In recent times, in May 2011 itself, it was reported that Osama Bin Laden was captured and killed by American militants and that the world need not fear his plans anymore. It must be understood that more than half the Islamic community as well as other people around the world were as overjoyed about the capture as Americans because they too wanted justice to prevail. â€Å"Like most Americans, I remember September 11 well and remember that he was behind it. I looked forward to the day he would be brought to justice,† says Mike Frechs in an interview with the general American public with regard to Osama Bin Laden’s death. However, the American outlook has still not changed towards the local Islamic community because airports still frisk anyone they suspect to be a Muslim extremely interrogatively as compared to other people. It must be brought to notice that just

Creative Writing - Appetites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Creative Writing - Appetites - Essay Example This list of rules was in a black, handcrafted frame that really accentuated the font, causing the rules to pop off the page when anyone looked at it. Kate and Sebastian thought it would be appropriate to hang this list of rules in the dining room, since that was what the rules were in reference to and it was also the most sacred room in the house. When looking around Sebastian and Kate’s house, one might not see this document as having great importance, but that is far from the truth. These rules were the cornerstone of their relationship. If one were to break such a rule, for someone else it might be equivalent to cheating on your spouse by having sex with someone other than your spouse. Every week they have a theme, a country, that dictates all of the food they eat for that week. The themes start on Sunday and end that following Saturday night. Saturday night is always the biggest meal of the week. They always save the most exotic dish from that specific country for that Sa turday meal. The Saturday meal always took huge preparations. They would switch off every other week putting on the Saturday meal. The person responsible for putting on the Saturday meal would be responsible for selecting the table covers, silverware, and preparing the food. Separately they would both pick out their outfits, which were supposed to mimic formal attire that would be worn in that country. This week’s theme was going to be South Korea. Sebastian was responsible for putting on the big meal that Saturday. This was a going to be a huge week for both of them, and they both were extremely anxious. It took weeks to fully prepare the menu for this week. Once they did that, they had to order all of the food and make sure they stored it properly. It was crucial that whoever was responsible for preparing the food knew how to properly prepare it or else the consequences could be fatal. Since a lot of the meals that they would eat on Saturday evenings had the potential of be ing dangerous, allowing one spouse to prepare the food demonstrated the ultimate trust within this relationship. Sebastian really wanted to make this meal a special one, since it was a country that they had both been anticipating for months. He thought that Sannakji, wriggling octopus, would be a good choice given its unique texture and its lethality. Sannakji is a mild-tasting, lightly seasoned delicacy that is known for choking individuals. It is prepared in a manner that the octopus’s legs are removed while the octopus is still alive. This causes the legs to wriggle around on the plate like a pile of worms. The tentacles’ suction cups can stick to your inside your throat or to your cheeks. The lights were dimmed, giving a very romantic ambience to the meal. There was a small two-person table in the middle of their dining room. There was a candle in the middle of the table that gave off a lavender aroma throughout the room. The candle was in a very nice, sterling sil ver candleholder. The tablecloth had a very strange texture; it was leather with animal fur on top of it. The very coarse hair was cream with a yellow tint to it. The chairs, which were made of mahogany wood, had seat covers on top of it that matched the same material of the tablecloth. There were two table settings; the napkins and placemats both matched the tablecloth and chair seats. There were two beautiful, ornate yellow plates with

The Case for Organic Agriculture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Case for Organic Agriculture - Essay Example Humus contains organic material - living tissue that has died and its components are being recycled. Microbes like bacteria and fungi work on organic material, breaking it down into its smaller building blocks that can then be taken back up by a new plant. Humus has a structure that makes it easy for living plants to find and take up the nutrients. Some of the salts, for example, stick on the ends of long wavy molecules that are easy for plants to grab. Humus is dynamic and always changing. The community of microbes can be very diverse and stable as long as more and more organic matter is fed to the soil to maintain all those microscopic creatures (Donahue et al. , 1983). Plants also need lots of water for proper growth. Water will just run through sand or ground rock so humus along with the clay holds water in the soil.where it will be available to plant roots. Soil provides the matrix where seeds are first nurtured. When the seed first starts to grow, it pushes out tiny roots to begin interacting with the soil to find water and nutrients. A green, leafy stem pushes up out of the soil reaching for the sky because plants receive energy from the sun to make them grow. The water at the top of that stem evaporates into the air and pulls more water and nutrients up from the soil into the plant. ... Unfortunately, when they eat from the plants on a farm, they are eating our food, so any farming system must consider these pests. Conventional and organic farmers take different approaches to these two main issues: maintaining enough nutrients to feed the plants and protecting plants from pests. Conventional agriculture emphasizes maximizing yield and farming efficiency. These farmers look at the growing population and say that we need all the food we can possibly grow. Such farms use chemical fertilizers to replace the nutrients that plants take up out of the soil. These are generally, mineral salts of nitrates, phosphates, and potassium. These are applied to the field as dried pellets that dissolve in water. By putting these nutrients into the soil, the conventional farmer is certain that his plants will have enough for the fastest and maximum growth. Such plants often take up lots of water with the nutrients which swells them and makes them look fat and juicy and easier to sell Of course, every time it rains or the farmers irrigates the field, some nutrients will travel with the water wherever it go - sometimes into nearby rivers and streams, so often nutrients are lost when applying fertilizers. Such outside nutrients can sometimes disrupt the delicate ecosystem balances in the waters where they end up. Conventional farmers also act strongly when pests like insects or weeds interfere with growth of their crops. These farmers spray specially made poisons on or around plants to kill off the pests. Many farmers also spray 'prophylactically' before pests arrive so plants will not have any losses or even markings from insect pests. Unfortunately, these poisons are not specific to one certain kind of insect.

Schools Website Development Template Essay Example for Free

Schools Website Development Template Essay Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people sustain from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts. Wikipedia defines a website, also written as Web site, web site, or simply site, as a set of related web pages containing content such as text, images, video, audio, etc. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network through an Internet address known as a Uniform Resource Locator. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web. A school website is any website built, designed, and maintained by or for a school. Many school websites share certain characteristics, and some educators have developed guidelines to help schools create the best and most useful websites they can. Now a days, website becomes an educational tool, some international schools like Harvard University (Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), American Herbrew Academy (Greensboro North Carolina) uses website for their school. Locally, like University of the Philippines, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, De La Salle University, Ateneo De Manila University and may more university in the Philippines has their school website. This study focuses in two Municipality; Botolan, Zambales and Iba, Zambales. We notice that some of the schools in Botolan and Iba, have their website but most of them do not especially the elementary schools and public high schools. We come to an idea to develop a web development application wherein a school can create their school website in the easiest way and even if they have no technical background in web programming/web develoing. Background of the Study The study focuses in schools in Botolan and Iba, Zambales. We notice that some of the schools in Botolan and Iba, have their website but most of them do not especially the elementary schools and public high schools. So we come with an idea to develop a website development application for schools, this study aimed to help public schools in Botolan and Iba or even private schools to provide them an application wherein they can create their school website in an easy way. The schools can create a link where in they can post some news articles, school calendar etc. The proposed School’s Website Development Template aims to provide an application for schools in creating a website in an easy way. This application provides a friendly user interface so that the creator of the website can create a website without any technical background in web programming/web developing. Statement of the Problem The researcher wanted to know the effectiveness of the School’s Website Development Template. This research needs to provide answers to the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the respondents with respect to: 2. 1 Name 2. 2 Organization affiliated with 2. 3 Position 2. 4 Numbers of Years in Service 2. What is the level of effectiveness of the School’s the School’s Website Development Template be described in terms of: 3. 5 Reliability 3. 6 Functionality 3. 7 Operability/Usability 3. 8 Performance 3. 9 Maintainability 3. 10 Traceability 3. 11 Conceptual Framework The researcher aimed to develop School’s the School’s Website Development Template for schools. This Software is a website content management software where in a ordinary teacher can make their school website without any background in web developing. Input Profile: -Name -Organization affiliated with -Numbers of years in service Perception towards: * The School’s Website Content Management Software As to: Reliability Functionality Usability Performance Maintainability Traceability Output The Development of The School’s Website Content Management Software Process Survey Questionnaire Interviews Statistical Tools: Likert Scale System Quality Frequency Mean t-Test . Scope and Limitation The School’s the School’s Website Development Template has the capability to: a. The School’s the School’s Website Development Template can provide a template with an application where in they can develop a website for school. b. The website created by the School’s Website Development Template cannot be update online. c. The website created by the School’s Website Development Template can create, remove and update a link for the website. d. The website created by the School’s Website Development Template can create their header and footer for the website. e. The website created by the School’s the School’s Website Development Template has the ability to upload a banner for the school. (jpeg file) f. The website created by the School’s the School’s Website Development Template has the ability to upload icon in every link created. Significance of the Study School’s Website Content Management Software will benefit and provide to the following individual: Current Students. They can access the schools announcements; read some school news articles; can update school’s activities through school calendar. Interested Enrollee/Incoming Students. They can open the website to have an appropriate information about the school. They can view offered courses online so that they can choose a course for them. Student’ s Parents/Guardians. They can also use this website, so that they can view the school activities by reading and articles posted in the website. School teacher. They access the website and download the template at the same time the web development application wherein they can make website for their school in an easy way and even they don’t have any technical background in web developing.

Ethics And Social Responsibility In Strategic Planning

Ethics And Social Responsibility In Strategic Planning Ethics and social responsibility occupy an important place in our personal value system. Customer confidence in how business operates has been severely shaken by recent corporate scandals and collapses, such as Enron and bank failures. Hence it is important for companies to consider incorporating ethics and social responsibility into their strategic planning. This applies whether a company is involved with customers one-on-one, such as a Taco Bell or Dell, Inc., or their involvement is indirect, through their relationship with their clients, such as newspaper distributor Pogo Distribution Company, or wholesale food seller, Del Monte. This paper analyzes what are ethics and social responsibility, how each applies to a companys strategic planning, and the overall impact on stakeholders when ethics and social responsibility is considered in strategic planning. The paper will conclude with how my ethical perspective has evolved throughout the program. The Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility in Strategic Planning To be their most successful, companies must consider ethics and social responsibility as critical parts, inherent components of strategic plan. Ethical and social responsibility criteria must be included as part of the strategic process in before-profit decisions rather than after-profit decisions in order to receive the maximum benefit, i.e. corporate profits. The Role of Ethics in Strategic Planning Reflecting critically and actively on ethical issues is an obligation of every professional. Reflecting such ethical content or implications in ones decisions and actions must be salient in every aspect of how companies operate. Ethics ensure that a company achieves its mission, vision, goals, and objectives in such a manner that they give a company a sense of direction and framework. Ethics ensure guidelines are created that bind the entire organization into one common thread, govern the action of the organizational employees, and avoid deviation from the desired strategic path. Ethics ensure that strategic plan is prepared as per the best interest of all a companys stakeholders, whether employees, vendors, customers or even the society in which the organization operates. What is ethics? According to authors Andre and Velasquez, ethics has two parts. First, it refers to well based standards of right and wrong behavior. What individuals ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, and benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues. Second, it refers to continually examining our moral beliefs and moral conduct, and striving to live up to these well based standards (Andre, C, Velesquez, M., 1987). Recent corporate scandals such as Enron (Business Wire, 2002), and the collapse of a major Wall Street banking house, Lehman Bros. (Jaffe, 2009), have scarred the business industry. Everyday poor customer service, such as from Dell, Inc. has brought high levels of frustration to customers (Gizmodo, 2010). All have left customers with levels of distrust in our businesses, resulting in more scrutiny from regulatory authorities, government and the public. Adhering to the highest possible ethical standards, and integrating these ethics into their strategic planning, can build a good corporate image in front of all the stakeholders of the organization. Integrating and planning must go beyond compliance issues and reactive disciplinary policies to actually manage integrity. Five ways a company can ensure ethics is included in their strategic planning are: Establish explicit ethical goals and criteria, Demonstrate commitment to ethical goals and criteria, Communicate ethical expectations and train workforce to enact ethical goals and criteria, Assess and monitor employee behavior and decisions, and Maintain on-going proactive integrity continuity management (Valentino, 2007) Such a strong focus on ethics will ensure that each set of stakeholders will be happy and assured that strategic plan will address their needs and wants and the organization will act in the best interest of each stakeholder. The Role of Social Responsibility in Strategic Planning Another major element of todays strategic planning is corporate social responsibility (CSR) where managers face a varied and increasing demand from stakeholders (McWilliams and Siegel, 2001). This demand has been marked by numerous claims linking corporate social responsibility to a firms profits, particularly in professional publications (Kanter, 1999), in the media, and by emerging international CSR organizations such as the United Nations Global Compact. The motivation is laudable: if a positive CSR financial performance relationship can be demonstrated, and then firms will be motivated to increase spending on CSR activities. However, academic research to date has been inconclusive, finding positive, negative and curvilinear relationships between CSR and financial performance (McWilliam and Siegel; Margolis and Walsh, 2001). Nevertheless, for those companies who include social responsibility as one of their criteria, companies are leaving no stone unturned to ensure that they co ntribute to the improvement and well being of the society, while minimizing any negative impact of their operations on the society. Thus CSR focuses on two areas: Internal behaviors, which refers to the way a corporation conducts the day-to-day operations of its core business functions, and External behaviors, which refers to a corporations engagement outside of its direct business interest (Jones, 2004). It goes beyond good public relations tactics or being nice to have. (Valentino, 2007). Internal behavior planning generally starts in the Human Resource Department. It can be an aid to recruitment and retention. (Lingham, 2009). Examples are going green, matching employee charitable contributions; creating help the community programs, and sponsoring community events. While external behaviors can include the latter three internal behaviors, they differ from internal CSR because management and public relations will consider the financial impact of their decisions because of their stakeholders, such as owners and shareholders. Business exists for many reasons but survival ultimately depends on profits. My Ethical Perspective My ethical perspective has broadened via this program as I have understood the linkage between ethics and its implications on the organization from strategic perspective. I have understood the strategic importance of ethics in terms of benefiting all the stakeholders of an organization and its importance in the organizations day to day operations. The program has taught me the relationship between ethics and the different components of the strategic plan of the organization. The future of our organizations, the people they represent, and the wider community can only be strengthened by embedding ethics into the strategic planning process. Ethics should be central, not peripheral, to the overall management of the firm.

Introspective Knowledge and Displaced Perception :: science

Introspective Knowledge and Displaced Perception "Dretske remarks that there are ‘two important differences between introspective knowledge and other forms of displaced perception’ (p. 60). What are these differences? Are they enough to call into question his view of introspective knowledge as displaced perception?" The second chapter of Naturalizing the Mind is in the main an attempt to provide an account of introspective knowledge consistent with the Representational Thesis. Dretske takes introspective knowledge to be a given and proceeds by trying to explain how such knowledge is possible without appealing to an ‘inner sense’, an idea that seems to conflict with the Thesis’s commitment to externalism about the content of mental states. To this end, he proposes that introspection is a species of displaced perception. However, he highlights two important differences between introspective knowledge and other forms of displaced perception that seem to suggest that introspective knowledge cannot in any relevant sense be viewed as an instance of displaced perception. As a result, Dretske fails to explain how introspective knowledge is possible and therefore fails to provide a compelling alternative to the ‘inner sense’ account of introspective knowledge. Introspective knowledge is "knowledge the mind has of itself" (p. 39). For example, knowing, when I perceive a yellow box, that I am having a certain experience (namely an experience of a yellow box) is, for Dretske, an instance of introspective knowledge. This knowledge is not about the box’s being yellow or indeed about the box at all, it is knowledge about myself, knowledge that I am having a certain experience (on Dretske’s view, knowledge that I am representing a, perceived, box as yellow). Introspective knowledge seems to have some strange properties. "Natsoulas defines one form of consciousness—reflective consciousness—as a privileged ability to be non-inferentially aware of (all or some of ) one’s current mental occurrences. We seem to have this ability. In telling you what I believe I do not have to figure this out (as you might have to) from what I say or do. There is nothing from which I infer that A looks longer than B. It just does." (p . 39) Dretske take! s the notion that humans have introspective knowledge as a given. His interest in the matter arises when one attempts to "explain how we come by such knowledge and what gives us this first-person authority"(p. 40) Dretske wants to reject one possible explanation, namely the idea that introspective knowledge is garnered by the mind perceiving its own workings.

Ambiguities in the Textual Body of The Castle of Otranto Essay

Incongruous Corpus: Ambiguities in the Textual Body of The Castle of Otranto While the relationship of the Gothic to the Romantic is debatable, the persistent desire of some critics to see it as pre-Romantic should not disguise the possibility that the genre is â€Å"actually sending out very contradictory impulses about its own intentions, [and] adopting certain strategies that thwart the very perceptions it seems to be on the brink of achieving† (Napier, 4). This uncertainty in form and intent has produced imprecision and imbalances in Gothic novels that are partly the result of instability within the Gothic form. Although the Gothic achieves stability by repeating a certain pattern of accepted conventions, leading to remarkable coherence in the â€Å"routine likeness of one romance to another† (Napier, 4), one must be mindful that the Gothic is â€Å"formally and stylistically marked by disequilibrium† (Napier, 4). The imbalance, dissolution, and formal unevenness of the Gothic genre, which some scholars claim are recurrent issues with in the genre, are found as early as the first Gothic novel in The Castle of Otranto. Their existence in Otranto suggests the profound uncertainty Walpole had about the intent of the genre as he perceived it and hints at the immense task the author faced in establishing a new genre that required the â€Å"difficult and uneven breaking away from the more carefully structured and considered narratives of the preceding period† (Napier, 5). Walpole’s inability to provide a thorough theoretical explanation of the intent of the genre and breakaway cleanly from pre-existing narrative norms accounts, in part, for the presence of tonal and modal incongruities within the textual body of Otranto. An examination of the theo... .... Meaning is deflected to surfaces and nothing about a character is truly known beyond what is necessary to further the plot. Nonetheless, despite all the structural incongruities within the body of Otranto, Walpole was successful in establishing a genre that later practitioners perfected. Works Cited Clery, E. J. Introduction. The Castle of Otranto. By Horace Walpole. New York: OUP, 1998. vii-xxxiii. Kiely, Robert. The Romantic Novel in England. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1972. Mowl, Tim. Horace Walpole: The Great Outsider. London: John Murray (Publishers) Ltd., 1996. Napier, Elizabeth R. The Failure of Gothic: Problems of Disjunction in an Eighteenth-Century Literary Form. New York: OUP, 1987. Sedgwick, Eve K. Coherence of Gothic Conventions. New York and London: Methuen, 1986. Walpole, Horace. The Castle of Otranto. New York: OUP, 1998.

The Function of Narrator in 3 Short Fiction

The narrator in a short story provides for the readers the eyes and mind by which they see and understand everything that happens in the story. He affects the perspective by which they approach and digest the story. The narrator always creates a subjective viewpoint for the reader, however omniscient and objective the writer makes him out to be, because choosing a particular viewpoint in which to tell the story would omit some aspects of a story that could be examined further had the author chosen another character or viewpoint by which to narrate the plot. The choice of narrator, therefore, affects the overall reading.The narrator of the plot, however, is carefully chosen by the writer in order to accomplish the said subjective viewpoint that the author would like the reader to get from his reading. This paper would examine the functions of the narrators in three short stories, namely: â€Å"A&P† by John Updike, â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker, and â€Å"The Jilti ng of Granny Weatherall† by Katherine Anne Porter. Updike’s â€Å"A&P† is the story of Sammy, a teenage sales clerk at an A&P grocery, whose dull day at work suddenly becomes significant when three young ladies come into the store in their swimsuits.Sammy fantasizes about the girls, especially on the one he names as Queenie, the prettiest and leader of the group. However, Lengel, the store manager, does not share Sammy’s appreciation for the girls when he confronts the trio about the inappropriateness of their clothing. Sammy defends the girls from the prude manager and resigns right there and then, hoping at the same time that his gesture would be appreciated by the girls. The story is narrated in the first person by the hero, Sammy.The theme of the story is about disappointment and disillusionment after responding to what the individual believes is an impulsive call for heroism or a chance to rise from one’s lowly and commonplace existence. By usi ng the protagonist as narrator, Updike is able to juxtapose the discrepancy between fantasy and reality. Sammy, we learn from his own narration, aspires for a bigger and better life than what all the small-town people he considers as like â€Å"sheep pushing their carts (Updike)† have. He is bored with his work, the unexciting town, and life in general.The girls, coming from a more affluent part of town, are a breed apart from him and the regulars of A&P, and one that he would like to be a part of someday. When he sees the opportunity to defend the girls from Lengel, he thinks the girls would thank him and probably, befriend him. The train of events and associations he must have imagined at the sight of those girls and the fact that he defended them consumes him, enough for him to make the sudden decision of resigning from his job. The final disappointment however, is just as strong in its impact when he realizes that the girls have gone without even acknowledging his heroic act.The reader feels the sting of reality check along with Sammy when the protagonist expresses: â€Å"I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter. (Updike)† In Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use†, the narrator is Mama or Mrs. Johnson, an African-American living in the South just after the years of emancipation. She is uneducated, lived, and survived a hard life. Mrs. Johnson still carries the old feelings when blacks were uncomfortable in the presence of whites yet at the same time, are very proud of their native African heritage.The conflict in the plot plays up the differences between Mrs. Johnson’s generation and her daughter’s. Dee, intelligent and educated in the city, has her own way of regarding her indigenous identity. She looks at her African-American heritage as something one displays for others to admire. She visits her mother to get a butter churn top and dasher which she would bring back with her to the city where she wou ld display them like museum pieces in her home. Mrs. Johnson, however, could not understand why one needs to display these everyday things when they could be put to their intended uses.The conflict climaxes at the point when Dee asks for the quilt Mama already promised to give the other daughter, Maggie, on her wedding. Mrs. Johnson refuses adamantly. â€Å"You just don’t understand†¦your heritage, (Walker)† Dee accuses her mother and sister. Walker could have chosen Dee as the narrator of the story and the same theme would still be adequately explored from the conflict between Dee and Mrs. Johnson. After all, it is the dialogues of both characters, specifically their arguments, which move the story forward.Obviously, however, the writer would like the readers to sympathize with Mrs. Johnson thus allowing her character and her viewpoints to dominate in the text. Mama’s image is the first that the reader meets in the story thus establishing an immediate affi nity between reader and heroine, and the final image is again of her and Maggie â€Å"just enjoying (Walker)† their simple life, creating the impression that her philosophy, ultimately, is the better one. One’s cultural heritage would survive longer and best valued when it is practiced in everyday life by the members.Mrs. Johnson is right and her daughter Dee, is not. The third story, Katherine Anne Porter’s â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall†, is told in the third person, but it is the most intimate of the three in that as the narrator leads the reader into the mind of the 80-year old protagonist, Granny Weatherall. It looks into the life and personality of the old woman and allows the reader to realize things that may be vague, unrecognizable and sometimes incomprehensible to the failing mind of its main character.By choosing a third person narrator that delves into the consciousness of the character, the reader becomes acquainted with the Granny We atherall’s personality; but more important to that, are the revelations that the images that run through her mind—her accomplishments, her sources of pride, the unfinished tasks, her jilted dreams, frustrations, fears, —provide for the reader’s analysis of her character, and in turn, of the meaning of the literary piece. The events of Granny Weatherall’s life are presented in snippets, the past overlapping with the present, the sequences of events occur through associations rather than chronologically.For instance, the sound of rustling leaves outside the window brings back memories of her daughter, Cornelia, when she was a child that in turn, triggers more memories from her hard life, and all that she has survived and outlived. The most poignant memory, however, is that of her wedding day 60 years ago where she was jilted by her lover at the altar. At the end of the reading, one does not only get a whole picture from the fragments of memories but also realize that the writer has attempted to recreate the experience of dying in prose form and succeeds in it.By choosing to narrate the story through the consciousness of the old woman, the reader gets the impression of Death hovering everywhere in the story: from Granny’s detachment from everything that’s happening, to the flashbacks, and her struggles to look through â€Å"a whirl of dark smoke (Porter)† that blurs the images in her mind and disorients her. The final betrayal mentioned in the final paragraph, the realization that what she has long been expecting with the coming of death might not be what really happens in the end after all, becomes more felt as the narrator ends the story with the slow darkening of light until it is fully extinguished.The narrator of a story has a lot to do with both the intention of the writer for writing the story and the lingering effect that the story has upon the reader as he thinks about what he read and attempts to a nalyze it. One can read two stories with the same plot yet employing different narrators and he would realize the different effects produced by the readings. There is no best narrator as all stories can be told in various perspectives; however, the fact is that the quality of the final narrative would depend greatly on how the narrator tells the story and what the reader gets from his viewpoint.

Data Warehouse

The Kimball Lifestyle is the recommended approach to design, develop & deploy he DO/BI, as described in aforementioned text book (eBook). The illustration at Figure 1 summarizes main stages from the Lifestyle. Figure 1: The Kimball DO/BI Lifestyle The Kimball method helps to explain business requirements adding value to an organization. The company must realize this value add, acknowledge it and then decide to implement the solution. (MS. Com, n. D. ).Issues and Process involved in Implementation of DO/BI system Dimensions Business Processes Date Transaction Client outlet Category Type Product Venue Budget Events_organize x Celebrity Booking Advertisement Books Sale Book Distribution Commission payment The Data Warehouse Bus Matrix The main process involved is the development of the Data warehouse Bus Matrix, as it was highlighted in the earlier section. The Enterprise Data Warehouse Bus Matrix is the data framework for the enterprise data warehouse.The Figure below shows the bus mat rix for Jar Bookstore: Data Model Design The Kimball method provides practical approach land selects the right physical model based upon how usable and flexible it is and how is its performance & maintenance. Almost all these type of models are classic star schemas, as shown in Figure 3. The complete information of a process is its central fact table. Its like a first normal form or ‘De-normalized' dimension tables, which surrounds the fact table.Then there are details or dimension tables which can be joined with integer keys called ‘surrogate keys'. This is shown in the below figure. Some researchers call for the normalized, third normal form model at lowest level in data warehouse as this provides Max flexibility. The dimension or detail table bear an analogy to this as will be shown in the subsequent analysis in the later sections. (MS. Com n. . ) Figure 3: An orders business process star schema Star Schema Model Here is a design of star schema, with clear dimensions with Primary an Foreign Keys.As per the Kimball Method, the star schema represents the Normalized Source Tables. As per the model, the â€Å"dimensions are the objects that participate in an organization's business processes. We generally model these as one table per object. Building the dimension in the TTL system involves joining the various normalized description and hierarchy tables that populate the dimension attributes and writing the results into a single table. (Thorniest, W, 201 1) RED Diagram to provide a complete overview of the Online Bookstore.Data warehouse requires designing Fact tables and dimension tables. As provided earlier the fact table is the central table within star schema of a data warehouse. A fact table contains basic, raw and De-normalized data. For the Jar Bookstore there are three types of facts: (Thorniest, W, 2011) 1. Additive: these are summed up data 2. Semi-Additive: Semi-additive facts that can be summed up for some data only 3. Non-Additive: Non -additive facts are facts that cannot be summed up. In the context of Jar Bookstore we illustrate each these three types of facts.The first example assumes that we are a retailer, and we have a fact table with the follows Eng columns: Date Store Sales Amount This table records the sales amount for each product in each store on a daily basis. This data is extracted in the excel sheet as well and will be analyzed in the later sections. The Jar Bookstore has the following fact table: Date Books Current Balance Profit_Margin The object of this table is to record the current balance for each account at the end of each day (DOD Balance).

Data analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Data analysis - Assignment Example Here the word now can be said to serve no purpose as all we are concern with is that Dan is seeing better, now only brings the sense of time to the argument Simple present tense-Sentence 14 is highly accepted (88%) because it directly shows where Mary is at the present time inclusive of the word ‘now’ to bring out the effectiveness of the tense. Sentence 5 is also accepted highly but not as much as 14 because it implies what the function of the bridge is at the present moment and that is it connects Detroit to Windsor. Future tense-sentence 8 has a higher acceptability (86%) because it is expected that the next day the action of travelling to New York has a high a probability of happening and one can assume for a fact that it will take place. On the other hand, sentence 10 has a slightly lower acceptability (67%) because there is a probability that the bridge is existence but cannot be used as it is still in its new state. existing but still in its new state thus making the sentence slightly incorrect when put in future tense. The acceptability of the sentence in Spanish because it is Definitely incorrect based on the tense in which the word ‘travels’ is as it implies a habit hence it does not correspond with the ‘tomorrow’ in the same sentence since it is a future timing. This suggests that the interaction between the native language and the language universals are almost the same from different perspective as the tenses and timing are put into greater consideration. We find that in the correctly tensed and timed sentences, the percentage acceptability is higher in the native language than the wrongly phrased sentences. 5.Focus on the three verb aspect forms (1) Progressive (2)simple present (3)future, For each, order the sentences from those with the greatest percentage of â€Å"correct† judgments to